John Bull

Булл Джон (1563-1628) - композитор.

Один из крупнейших композиторов елизаветинской эпохи. Родился в 1563 в графстве Сомерсет. После обучения в Королевской капелле был назначен органистом Херифордского собора (1582), в 1585 - регентом детского хора Королевской капеллы, а в 1591 стал в капелле личным органистом королевы. По ее указанию был направлен профессором музыки в Грешем-колледж (1596); после женитьбы в 1607, следуя школьным правилам, ушел в отставку. В 1611 служил музыкантом при дворе принца Уэльского. Вскоре переехал в Бельгию, где получил место органиста вначале в капелле эрцгерцога в Брюсселе (1613), а затем в Антверпенском соборе (1617). В Бельгии Булл познакомился с Я.Свелинком. Оба они в значительной мере способствовали развитию полифонической музыки для клавишных инструментов. Буллу принадлежит более 200 сочинений для органа, верджинела и голоса. Многие из них невероятно сложны технически: по общему мнению, сам композитор мог бы исполнять их, лишь обладая виртуозной техникой. Умер Булл в Антверпене 13 марта 1628.


John Bull (1562 or 1563–March 12, 1628) was a Welsh composer, musician, and organ builder. He was a renowned keyboard performer and most of his compositions were written for this medium.

He was probably born in Radnorshire in Wales. In 1573 he joined the choir at Hereford cathedral, and the next year joined the Children of the Chapel Royal in London, where he studied with William Blitheman and William Hunnis; in addition to singing he learned to play the organ at this time.

In 1586 he received his degree from Oxford, and he became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal that same year. In 1591 he became organist at the Chapel Royal; in 1592 he received his doctorate from Oxford, and in 1596 he became professor of music at Gresham College on the recommendation of Queen Elizabeth who admired him greatly. There is some evidence that she sent Bull on espionage missions. [citation needed] On the death of Elizabeth, he entered into the service of King James. Throughout this time he was establishing a reputation for himself as a skilled composer, keyboard performer and improviser.

However, in addition to his virtuosity as a keyboard performer and composer, he was also skilled at getting into trouble. He was forced to leave his post at Gresham College when he impregnated a woman pre-maritally; even though he filed a marriage license two days after he lost his job, he never returned to the college. He was also charged with breaking and entering in a bizarre case which involved his attempt to evict the previous tenant of the rooms he was assigned, and an action was filed against Bull in Star Chamber but the outcome of this case is not known.

Bull left England secretly and with great haste in 1613, fleeing the wrath of the Archbishop of Canterbury and King James I himself; the charge this time was adultery. The English envoy in the Low Countries, after first attempting to cover for him--but later fearing for his own position if he continued to do so--wrote to the King in early 1614,

...Bull did not leave your Majesties service for any wrong done to him ... but did in that dishonest matter steal out of England through the guilt of a corrupt conscience, to escape the punishment, which notoriously he had deserved, and was designed to have been inflicted on him by the hand of justice, for his incontinence, fornication, adultery, and other grievous crimes.
The Archbishop of Canterbury had said of him the previous year: "the man hath more music than honesty and is as famous for marring of virginity as he is for fingering of organs and virginals."

Bull remained in the Netherlands, where it seems he stayed out of trouble. In 1615 Antwerp Cathedral appointed him as assistant organist, and as principal organist in 1617. Bull wrote a series of letters while in the Netherlands, including one to the mayor of Antwerp, claiming that the reason he left England was to escape religious persecution, since he was a Catholic; he seems to have been believed, for he was never extradited back to England. While in Antwerp he met Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, the most influential keyboard composer of the age.

In the 1620s he continued his career as an organist, organ builder and consultant. He died in Antwerp.

en.wikipedia.org


Pedro Rimonte, John Bull - Lamentations for the Holy Week - La Hispanoflamenca (CD)

Pedro Rimonte, John Bull - Lamentations for the Holy Week - La Hispanoflamenca (CD)

Pedro Rimonte,John Bull - Lamentations for the Holy Week - La Hispanoflamenca - 42192 - Classical mu..

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